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% UNOFFICIAL style for Posters at RU-DI
% Radboud University, Donders Institute,
% Nijmengen, Netherlands
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%     Author: Riccardo Metere <r.metere@donders.ru.nl>
%       Date: Jun 2018
%  Copyright: 2018 (C) Riccardo Metere
%    License: LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL) 
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% Instructions:
% - Look for `%FIXME` for finding items requiring author's attention
% - Read the comments and if something is unclear please drop me a note
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% TODO:
% - Improve on the citation handling
% - Improve on the figure reference handling
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% : initial configuration
\documentclass[portrait,a0paper]{rudi-poster}

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% : set-up document information  % FIXME
\title{Poster for the 3rd Asia-Pacific Combustion Institute Summer School}
\author{Author 1}
\author{Author 2}
\date{2019-11-14}

%\address{Universidad T\'ecnica Federico Santa Mar\'ia, Chile}
%\address{Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}
%\cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author:}

\newcommand{\Contact}{e-mail: \email{rodrigo.demarco@usm.cl}}
\newcommand{\Authors}{
	\hspace{-1ex}
    \begin{itemize*}[label=]
        \item Author 1\textsuperscript{1}
 	    \item Author 2\textsuperscript{1}
 	    \item Author 3\textsuperscript{1}
 	    %\item A. Fuentes\textsuperscript{1}
    \end{itemize*}}
\newcommand{\Affiliations}{
%   \hspace{0.1ex}
  \begin{enumerate*}[label=\textbf{\arabic*} ]
    \item SFPE Foundation Scholar and Affiliation 1. \hspace{1ex}  
    \item Affiliation 2. \hspace{1ex}
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\newcommand{\EventName}{2nd Asia-Pacific Combustion Institute Summer School}
\newcommand{\EventLocation}{Viña del Mar (Chile)}
\newcommand{\PresentedAt}{Presented at the \EventName{} in \EventLocation{} on \DTMusedate{posterdate}}

\newcommand{\References}{
    \begin{enumerate}[label={[}\textbf{\arabic*}{]}]
        \item Escudero et al. \textit{Fuel} 183 (2016) 668–679.
		\item Eaves et al., \textit{Comput. Phys. Commun.} 207 (2016) 464–477.
        \item Dworkin et al., \textit{Combust. Flame} 158 (9) (2011) 1682–1695.
         \item Appel et al., \textit{Combust. Flame} 121 (1) (2000) 122–136.
         \item Liu et al., \textit{J. Thermophys. Heat Tr.} 14 (2) (2000) 278–281.
    \end{enumerate}}
\newcommand{\Acknowledgments}{
	\textbf{Acknowledgments}:
    \begin{itemize*}[label=]
    	\item Attendance to the APCISS-2 school was supported by the SFPE Foundation and FM Global.
        %\item FONDECYT project 1161453,
        %\item Petrobras (Contract 0050.0080122.12.9),
        %\item PhD grant from CNPq.
    \end{itemize*}}
\newcommand{\Funding}{
	\textbf{Funded by}:
    \begin{itemize*}[label=]
    	\item Some institution through some grant;
        \item Some foundation through some other grant.
    \end{itemize*}}
\newcommand{\Keywords}{
	Soot modeling,
	Soot surface growth
	Propane,
	HACA}

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%% Document
\begin{document}

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\rudiposterheader{\thetitle}{\Authors}{\Affiliations}
% \rudipostersidenote{\PresentedAt}
\rudiposterfooter{\ExtraLogos}

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\begin{multicols}{2}
\begin{rudiblockintro}      %introduction
\begin{itemize}
    \item Currently there is no thorough numerical studies of propane flames although it is heavily used in numerous domestic and industrial processes.
    \item Soot has become a topic of mayor interest for scientific community because of its impact in the environment and health, but also because of its influence in industrial processes efficiency.
    \item Even though air, which is 21\% oxygen, is the most common oxidant used, it is interesting to investigate how the combustion process is affected when the Oxygen Index is altered.
    %the oxygen concentration in the oxidant stream, called Oxygen Index, is altered.
\end{itemize}
\end{rudiblockintro}

\begin{rudiblockintro2}      %introduction
    \begin{multicols}{2}
         \begin{itemize}
            \item Study numerically the soot production from propane laminar coflow diffusion flames using a PAH-based sectional particle dynamics model giving special importance to the surface growth process.

            \item Extend the soot production model to different oxygen concentrations in the oxidant stream, called Oxygen Index (OI). \item Compare to propane experimental values from Escudero et al.~[1].
          
        \end{itemize}
    
    %\begin{center}
%\begin{table}
%\centering
%\caption{Ring specification and PAH species considered in the analysis. Based on DLR kinetic mechanism~\cite{Slavinskaya2009}.}
%\small
%\end{table}
%\end{center}
    \end{multicols}
\end{rudiblockintro2}
\end{multicols}
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\begin{rudiblockmethods}
    \begin{multicols}{2}
 
        
    \textbf{\Large{Numerical Model}}
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Based on CoFlame~[2]
            \item Detailed gas-phase chemical kinetic mechanism
            \begin{itemize}
                \item[] 94 species and 719 reactions from DLR~[3]
            \end{itemize}
            \item Fixed sectional soot model: 35 sections%, from \hl{XX} to \hl{XX}~nm
            \item Soot production mechanisms considered:
            \begin{itemize}
                \item[] Nucleation: collision and sticking of gaseous species: BGHIF, BAPYR and BAPYR*S
                \item[] Condensation of PAH: collision and sticking of gaseous species and soot particles
                \item[] Surface growth by HACA mechanism~[4]: \textbf{sensitivity of the steric factor}
                \item[] Oxidation by O$_2$ and OH
                \item[] Agglomeration and fragmentation
            \end{itemize}
            \item SNBCK-based wide-band radiative property model~[4]: CO$_2$, CO, H$_2$O and soot
        \end{itemize}    
            
      \textbf{\Large{HACA model and Steric Factor $\alpha$}}
      
      The \textit{Hydrogen-Abstraction-Carbon-Addition} model is based in the concept of \textit{Armchair Sites} in the particle surface. $\chi_{C_{soot}\circ}$ represents the number of dehydrogenated sites per surface unit and it can be estimated as~[2]:
      \begin{equation}
      \chi_{C_{soot}\circ}=\frac{(k_1[H]+k_2[OH])\chi_{C_{soot-H}}}{k_{-1}[H_2]+k_{-2}[H_2O]+k_4[C_2H_2]+k_5[O_2]+k_1[H]+k_2[OH]}
      \end{equation} \\
      
      
      Then, the increase rate of mass due HACA and decrease rate of mass for oxidation are respectively: 
      \begin{eqnarray}
      	I_{C_2H_2,i}=2 \alpha C_{mass}\frac{A_{s,i}}{A_v}k_4[C_2H_2]N_i^p \chi_{C_{soot}\circ}\qquad  I_{O_2,i}=2 \alpha C_{mass}\frac{A_{s,i}}{A_v}k_4[O_2]N_i^p \chi_{C_{soot}\circ}
      \end{eqnarray}
      
      Here $\alpha$ is the \textit{Steric Factor} which is an empirical parameter that represents the surface area "available" for reactions to occur.\\
      
      %The question is: 
      
      \emph{Is there a single Steric Factor that can predict soot production for different OI using propane as fuel?}
      
      
            
        
%        \vspace{2cm}
%	    \begin{itemize*}[label=]
%            \item Pinco Panco,
%            \item Panco Pinco.
%        \end{itemize*}
        
%        \begin{enumerate*}[label=\textbf{\arabic*} ]
%            \item Pinco Panco,
%            \item Panco Pinco.
%        \end{enumerate*}
        
    \end{multicols}
\end{rudiblockmethods}

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\begin{rudiblockresults}
%    \begin{rudisubblock}{0.5\hsize}{Comparison procedure}
%    \end{rudisubblock}
    
    \textbf{\Large{Calibration Parameters}}
    \begin{center}
    \begin{rudifig}{0.24\hsize}{Maximum Soot Volume Fraction - $f_{max}$}
        \includegraphics[width=\hsize]{Figures/fmax.eps}
    \end{rudifig}
    \hspace{2ex}
    \begin{rudifig}{0.24\hsize}{Maximum Integrated Soot Volume Fraction - $\beta_{max}$}
        \includegraphics[width=\hsize]{Figures/bmax.eps}
    \end{rudifig}
%    \hspace{2ex}
%    \begin{rudifig}{0.25\hsize}{Flame Height - $h_f$}
%        \includegraphics[width=\hsize]{Figures/hf.eps}
%    \end{rudifig}
    \end{center}
    
    \textbf{\Large{Integrated Soot Profiles}}
    \begin{center}
    \begin{rudifig}{0.24\hsize}{$\alpha$ = 0.25}
        \includegraphics[width=\hsize]{Figures/beta025.eps}
    \end{rudifig}
    \hspace{2ex}
    \begin{rudifig}{0.24\hsize}{$\alpha$ = 0.30}
        \includegraphics[width=\hsize]{Figures/beta030.eps}
    \end{rudifig}
    \hspace{2ex}
    \begin{rudifig}{0.24\hsize}{$\alpha$ = 0.35}
        \includegraphics[width=\hsize]{Figures/beta035.eps}
    \end{rudifig}
    \end{center}


\begin{multicols}{2}
\textbf{\Large{Flame Height}}
    \begin{center}
%    \hspace{4ex}
    %\begin{rudifig}{0.25\hsize}{Flame Height - $h_f$}
    \begin{rudifig}{0.48\hsize}{Flame Height - $h_f$}
        \includegraphics[width=\hsize]{Figures/hf.eps}
    \end{rudifig}
    \hspace{2ex}
    \end{center}
    
   \textbf{\Large{   }}\\
   \textbf{\Large{   }}\\
   \hspace{-6ex}
    %\begin{rudisubblock}{0.385\hsize}{particle diameter}
    \begin{rudisubblock}{0.85\hsize}{particle diameter}
    \begin{center}
%    \vspace{2ex}
    \scalebox{1.1}{
    \begin{tabular}{lccccc}
    \multirow{2}{*}{OI} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}{*}{HAB (mm)}} & \multicolumn{4}{c}{$d_p$ (nm)}\\
    \cline{3-6}
     & \multicolumn{1}{c}{} &  exp & $\alpha = 0.25$ & $\alpha = 0.30$ & $\alpha = 0.35$ \\
    \hline
    21 & 45 & 13.7 & 9.801  & 10.059 & 10.107  \\
%       &    & & & & \\
    \hline
    29 & 25 & 20.1 & 16.345 & 16.927 & 17.029  \\ \hline
    33 & 25 & 26.4 & 12.750 & 13.622 & 14.166  \\ \hline 
    \end{tabular}}
    \vspace{2ex}
    \end{center}
    \end{rudisubblock}
\end{multicols}
    
%	base: \the\rudisizebase\par
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%    header: \the\rudisizeblockheader\par
%    intro: \the\rudisizeblockintro\par 
%    methods: \the\rudisizeblockmethods\par 
%    results: \the\rudisizeblockresults\par 
%    discussion: \the\rudisizeblockdiscussion\par 
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\end{rudiblockresults}

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\begin{paralleltwoblocks}{0.66}
    \begin{rudiblockdiscussion}
        \begin{multicols}{2}
        \begin{itemize}
            \item A single constant steric factor is able to predict the variation of maximum soot volume fraction, maximum integrated soot volume fraction and flame height. Results related to soot production vary linearly as the steric factor changes.
            \item Predicted integrated soot results presented a slight overprediction of the position of the peak compared to experimental results.
            \item It is concluded that the steric factor affects the overall soot production as it promotes the soot growth process, but does not affect the behavior of soot production along the flame height.
            \item Primary particle diameter predicted exhibit differences less than 30\% for lower OI compared to mean diameter from TEM measurements at a certain height at the flame centerline.
            \item It is noteworthy that the chemical model used presented accurate results in terms of soot production even though it was not optimized/validated for propane.
            %\item It is noteworthy that the chemical model allowed to predict this accurately the soot production processes even though it was not designed nor optimized for propane.
            \item Future work includes the use of a different kinetic-chemical model that adjust to propane coupled with the soot model already implemented.
        \end{itemize}
            
        \end{multicols}
    \end{rudiblockdiscussion}
    &
    \begin{rudiblockaddendum}
        \References\par
        %\Acknowledgments\par
       % \Funding\par
    \end{rudiblockaddendum}
\end{paralleltwoblocks}

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